Frost Tolerances of Turkish Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivars

The motherland of the olive is considered as east Mediterranean Basin. Turkey partly located within this basin having a rich source biodiversity. Olive growing in carried out Aegean, Marmara, Mediterranean, Southeastern Anatolia and Black Sea Regions. Climatic factors determine cultivation limits which not very selective terms soil demand. In regions where olives are grown, climate prevails. Winters warm rainy region, while summers hot dry. On other hand, severe cold damage some years can cause significant especially inner parts Marmara As matter fact, it known that 31.8% plantations exposed to occasional frost damage. This situation has revealed necessity determining varieties with high tolerance suitable for may occur. study, 40 registered cultivars “Kemalpaşa Germplasm Bank" Bornova Research Institute, İzmir were screened tolerance. To evaluate (LT50) cultivars, estimated by ion leakage (electrical conductivity), leaf samples taken six different periods over two temperatures at +4 °C (control), -2 °C, -5°C, -8 -11°C, -14 -17 -20 °C. conclusion; been determined variability both genetically seasonally. Butko, Memeli, Otur, Gemlik, Sinop No 5, Yün Çelebi, Kara Yaprak, Satı Sarı Ulak more tolerant frost. 1, Marantelli, Ayvalık, Görvele, Çakır, Samsun Tuzlamalık, Erkence, Saurani, Eşek Zeytini (Tekirdağ), Kan Sofralık, Çilli, Yağlık, Domat, (Ödemiş), Saçaklı 4, Memecik, Nizip Tekirdağ Çizmelik Patos found be moderately Edincik, 6, Çekişte, Mavi, Kiraz, Kilis Çelebi (İznik), Trabzon Uslu Girit grouped low addition, data showed acclimation quite important, exposure certain period time significantly increased However, condition was stable could rapidly become reversed when temperature reached point adapdation did ensure.